1. Which statement best describes a classical bit?It has the value 0 or 1.It always stores both 0 and 1.It has a continuously variable relative quantum phase.It can reveal two independent binary values in one readout.

2. What does |0⟩ mean in this lesson?The probability of an errorThe reference quantum state called zeroA pair of classical bitsA superposition with equal chances of 0 and 1

3. An ideal qubit is prepared in |1⟩ and measured in the computational basis. What is the predicted outcome?0 with certainty0 or 1 with equal probability1 with certaintyBoth values in the same readout

4. What is obtained from a single computational-basis measurement of one qubit?Every amplitude in its stateIts complete preparation historyBoth reference states as two readoutsOne classical value, 0 or 1

5. For the state α|0⟩ + β|1⟩, how is the probability of outcome 0 calculated?Use α directly as the probability.Square the magnitude of α.Add α and β without squaring.Subtract the magnitude of β from α.

6. The real amplitude of |0⟩ is 1/2 in a normalised qubit state. What is the probability of outcome 0?25%50%75%100%

7. What must the two computational-basis outcome probabilities for a qubit add up to?01/221

8. What computational-basis probabilities does |+⟩ have?100% for 0 and 0% for 125% for 0 and 75% for 150% for 0 and 50% for 10% for 0 and 100% for 1

9. What does the minus sign in |−⟩ = (|0⟩ − |1⟩)/√2 describe?A relative phase differenceA negative chance of measuring 1A missing physical qubitA classical measurement error

10. Two preparations produce the same 0/1 histogram in the computational basis. What can you conclude?Their complete quantum states must be identical.They must use the same physical hardware.Both preparations must be faulty.This histogram alone does not establish identical quantum states.

11. Which feature allows amplitudes to reinforce or cancel under suitable operations?Adding only their nonnegative measurement probabilitiesInterference involving their relative phasesRepeating a measurement until both values have appearedTreating a superposition as two independent classical bits

12. In an ideal nondestructive computational-basis measurement, an outcome of 0 leaves the measured qubit in which state?Its original state in every case|1⟩|0⟩An independent fresh |+⟩ state

13. You immediately repeat that ideal measurement without changing the qubit. What happens?The result alternates between 0 and 1.The original superposition is automatically restored.The amplitudes are printed out.The same outcome appears again.

14. How should you collect independent samples of a circuit’s measurement outcomes?Prepare the input again and rerun the circuit for each sample.Measure one final qubit repeatedly without re-preparing it.Copy the first result into many rows.Read the amplitudes from one hardware measurement.

15. What is a shot in the terminology used here?A perfect copy of the input state kept after readoutA single gate within an otherwise unfinished circuitOne circuit execution with its preparation and measurementsThe theoretical probability of measuring 1

16. A hypothetical 200-shot plus-state experiment gives 107 zeros. What is the observed frequency of 0?46.5%53.5%50.0% exactly107%

17. The ideal prediction is 50/50, but a finite experiment gives 107 zeros and 93 ones. Which conclusion is justified?The result alone proves quantum theory wrong.Every future experiment must give 107 zeros.Sampling variation can produce unequal counts.The two amplitudes must have negative probabilities.

18. Why specify the measurement basis?It guarantees a particular outcome for every possible input state.It determines how many fresh preparations are included in the experiment.It makes relative phase observable without choosing any operations or settings.Different measurement settings distinguish different reference states.

19. What is a useful limit of collecting more shots?More shots cannot by themselves repair an inaccurate state preparation.More shots always remove the need to state a measurement basis.More shots turn each readout into a complete state description.More shots guarantee exactly equal counts for a plus state.

20. Which claim about a superposition is accurate?It is always equivalent to an unknown classical 0 or 1.Its relative phase can affect later outcomes even when current 0/1 probabilities match another state.It makes every possible answer readable in one measurement.It guarantees an advantage for every computational task.

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