All Level 4 English codes are grouped by Language, Literature and Literacy, with parent-friendly explanations and direct links to notes and practice.
understand how language is used to develop relationships in formal and informal situations
Students learn that we change our words, tone and level of formality depending on who we are speaking or writing to.
identify and differentiate the language of opinion, facts and feelings
Students learn to notice whether a sentence is giving evidence, sharing a viewpoint or showing emotion.
describe how different types of texts across the curriculum have different language features and are typically organised into characteristic stages depending on purposes
Students learn that different texts are built in different ways, such as procedures, reports, narratives and explanations.
understand how text connectives, including temporal and conditional words, and topic word associations, are used to sequence and connect ideas
Students learn to link ideas with words that show time, condition and topic relationships.
identify navigation features of digital texts that enhance readability, including headlines, drop-down menus, links, graphics and layout
Students learn how websites and digital texts use layout and navigation tools to help readers find information.
understand that complex sentences contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause typically joined by a subordinating conjunction to create relationships, such as time and causality
Students learn how complex sentences join a complete idea with an extra idea using words such as because, when, although and if.
understand how adverb groups or phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity
Students learn to add details about how, when, where and why something happens.
understand past, present and future tenses and their impact on meaning in a sentence
Students learn how verb tense tells when an action happens and why tense consistency matters.
explore how the use of sound and choices in the framing of an image, the placement of elements in the image, and the salience in the image affect the composition of still and moving images and enhance the meaning of a text
Students learn how images, sound and layout guide attention and add meaning in visual texts.
expand vocabulary by exploring a range of synonyms and antonyms, and using words encountered in a range of sources
Students grow vocabulary by learning words with similar and opposite meanings and using new words from reading.
understand that punctuation signals dialogue through quotation marks and that dialogue follows conventions for the use of capital letters, commas and boundary punctuation
Students learn how to punctuate direct speech using quotation marks, commas, capitals and end punctuation.
explore how quoted (direct) and reported (indirect) speech are used
Students learn the difference between exact spoken words and speech that is retold in the writer's own words.
recognise similar storylines, ideas and relationships in different contexts in literary texts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors and a wide range of Australian and world authors
Students compare stories from different authors and cultures, noticing shared ideas while respecting context.
describe the effects of text structures and language features in a range of literary texts when responding to and sharing opinions
Students explain how story structure and language choices affect their response to a text.
compare how authors and illustrators make literary texts exciting, moving and absorbing and hold readers' interest by using plot tension, character and setting
Students explore how tension, character and setting keep readers interested.
explore the use of literary devices and deliberate wordplay, including grammar, in prose and poetry, and the ways that they shape meaning
Students learn how writers use devices such as repetition, rhyme, simile, alliteration and playful grammar to create meaning.
create texts by developing storylines, characters and settings, and using language features from literary texts they have encountered and from their own experiences
Students create their own literary texts using story elements and language choices they have noticed in reading.
use interaction skills to gather information in order to carry out tasks, contribute to discussions, acknowledge another opinion, link a response to the text or topic, and share and extend ideas and information
Students practise listening, responding and extending discussion respectfully.
deliver structured spoken texts to an audience using features of voice
Students learn to organise a short speech or presentation and use voice features such as volume, pace and expression.
understand how to use and apply phonological and morphological knowledge to read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter combinations, including a variety of vowel sounds and known prefixes and suffixes
Students use sound patterns, syllables and word parts to read and write longer words.
understand how to use knowledge of letter patterns, including double letters, spelling generalisations, morphological word families, word origins, and common prefixes and suffixes to spell more complex words
Students use spelling patterns, word families and word parts rather than relying only on memory.
read and write high-frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling
Students practise common words and use sentence meaning to choose between homophones.
read different types of texts, integrating phonic, semantic and grammatical knowledge to read accurately and fluently for meaning, re-reading and self-correcting when needed
Students combine sound knowledge, meaning and grammar to read accurately and fix mistakes.
compare how texts from different times, with similar purposes and audiences, depict ideas or events
Students compare texts from different times and notice how ideas or events are represented.
identify the characteristic features used in different types of texts to meet the purpose and audience of the text
Students identify features that match text type, purpose and audience.
use comprehension strategies, such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring and questioning, to expand topic knowledge and ideas, and begin to evaluate texts to build literal and inferred meanings
Students use active reading strategies to understand stated and implied meaning.
create narrative, informative and persuasive texts, written and spoken, using relevant, linked ideas for a range of audiences and using multimodal elements as appropriate
Students create clear written and spoken texts with linked ideas for different audiences and purposes.
re-read and edit texts for meaning by adding, deleting or moving words or word groups to improve content and structure
Students edit writing by improving meaning, content and structure, not just fixing spelling.
write words using clearly formed joined letters, with developing fluency and automaticity
Students develop handwriting that is legible, joined where appropriate and easier to produce fluently.
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